MiniMaxVideo model
Hailuo 2.3
In image to video, Hailuo 2.3 is in place 17 of 21, with text only in place 19. A 5 s clip costs about $0.41.
1,262Arena ratinghigher is better
1,206Arena ratinghigher is better
$0.41$0.082 per secondlower is better
10slongest single cliphigher is better
21out of 100same as last month
Summary
At $0.082 per second of video it is fairly cheap; a typical video model costs $0.12.
New in Hailuo 2.3 are, according to MiniMax, more precise complex body movement, better response to motion commands, lighting and physics, and finer facial expressions. The general video model runs through API and web access and generates up to 1080p and 10 seconds.
Anime, illustration, ink-wash painting, and game CG are part of its expanded style support. Hailuo 2.3 remains focused on video generation, separate from the explicitly audio-visual approach of MiniMax H3.
On this page
Hailuo 2.3 benchmarks
Image to video arena
How people rate generated videos in blind comparisons, Elo points · higher is better
20 of 21 models
as of September 22, 2026 · Source: LMArena
Text to video arena
How people rate generated videos in blind comparisons, Elo points · higher is better
20 of 23 models
as of September 22, 2026 · Source: LMArena
Show all 19 individual results from 8 sources
Page 1 of 2
Published benchmarks
LMArena Text to Video
Elo ratings summarize pairwise comparisons within this leaderboard. They are not percentages. The scale does not express absolute quality or linear gaps between models.
higher is betterAs of November 5, 2026Scale: 0 Elo - 1,516 Elo
Methodology and context
- Metric
- elo-rating
- Scale
- No upper bound is documented. The chart spans the recorded values and zero.
- Participants
- 23
- Sample
- 89,138
LMArena Image to Video
Elo ratings summarize pairwise comparisons within this leaderboard. They are not percentages. The scale does not express absolute quality or linear gaps between models.
higher is betterAs of November 5, 2026Scale: 0 Elo - 1,495 Elo
Methodology and context
- Metric
- elo-rating
- Scale
- No upper bound is documented. The chart spans the recorded values and zero.
- Participants
- 21
- Sample
- 405,786
Measurements without matching peer values
These measurements have no matching peer values under the same test conditions. Their original values and sources remain available here.
VideoThinkBench (Show measurement, test conditions, and source)
- Source value
- 25.9
- Score
- 25.9
- Metric
- Average (vision-centric tasks, accuracy)
- Unit
- %
- Benchmark version
- VideoThinkBench mini test set, Table 7
- Direction
- Higher is better
- Source type
- independent-evaluator
- Evaluator
- Thinking with Video, VideoThinkBench (CVPR 2026 paper)
- Status
- active
- Retrieved at
- 2026-10-19
- Methodology
- Independent evaluation. Paper-reported Vision-centric mini set; 500 dataset cases per Appendix A.2 row. VideoThinkBench mini test set; Appendix A.2 gives 750 cases in the mini test set, 500 vision-centric and 250 text-centric. This is not an established per-model denominator. No exact serving revision or model response count is reported.
- Context
- Multimodal reasoning with generated videos, not general video quality. The tables report no effective per-model denominator, confidence interval, or served revision. The aggregation definition for the Average table field is not further specified; the published value is retained unchanged.
VideoThinkBench (Show measurement, test conditions, and source)
- Source value
- 38.4
- Score
- 38.4
- Metric
- Average (text-centric tasks, answer route unspecified)
- Unit
- %
- Benchmark version
- VideoThinkBench mini test set, Table 8
- Direction
- Higher is better
- Source type
- independent-evaluator
- Evaluator
- Thinking with Video, VideoThinkBench (CVPR 2026 paper)
- Status
- active
- Retrieved at
- 2026-10-19
- Methodology
- Independent evaluation. Paper-reported Text-centric mini set; table row does not specify audio or last-frame route; 250 dataset cases per Appendix A.2 row. VideoThinkBench mini test set; Appendix A.2 gives 750 cases in the mini test set, 500 vision-centric and 250 text-centric. This is not an established per-model denominator. No exact serving revision or model response count is reported.
- Context
- Multimodal reasoning with generated videos, not general video quality. The Hailuo row in Table 8 does not specify audio or last-frame route. No effective per-model denominator, confidence interval, or serving revision is reported; cohort size is not a model response count.
Video Models AI-judge benchmark (Show measurement, test conditions, and source)
- Source value
- 3.51
- Score
- 3.51
- Metric
- Weighted overall AI-judge quality score (0-5)
- Unit
- points
- Benchmark version
- Video Models leaderboard updated 2026-10-15
- Category
- video-generation
- Direction
- Higher is better
- Sample
- 64
- Source type
- vendor-reported
- Evaluator
- Video Models by Wiro AI
- Status
- active
- Retrieved at
- 2026-10-16
- Methodology
- Vendor-reported result. Exact Wiro API route minimax/hailuo-2-3. Published method states one API run per prompt using model defaults, first successful output, a 5-second duration target, and the resolution closest to 720p. This route documentation lists Visible Wiro example uses 6s; full duration and resolution limits are not stated in capture. The CSV does not expose the exact per-prompt overrides or criterion-specific denominators.
- Context
- Wiro AI is a commercial model gateway. Scores use its weighted 0-5 AI-judge rubric, not a blind human pairwise preference panel. No per-criterion N or confidence interval is published. This is task-specific AI-judge evidence, not broad independent quality proof.
Video Models AI-judge benchmark (Show measurement, test conditions, and source)
- Source value
- 3.19
- Score
- 3.19
- Metric
- Prompt adherence AI-judge criterion score (0-5); rubric weight 21%
- Unit
- points
- Benchmark version
- Video Models leaderboard updated 2026-10-15
- Category
- video-generation
- Direction
- Higher is better
- Source type
- vendor-reported
- Evaluator
- Video Models by Wiro AI
- Status
- active
- Retrieved at
- 2026-10-16
- Methodology
- Vendor-reported result. Exact Wiro API route minimax/hailuo-2-3. Published method states one API run per prompt using model defaults, first successful output, a 5-second duration target, and the resolution closest to 720p. This route documentation lists Visible Wiro example uses 6s; full duration and resolution limits are not stated in capture. The CSV does not expose the exact per-prompt overrides or criterion-specific denominators.
- Context
- Wiro AI is a commercial model gateway. Scores use its weighted 0-5 AI-judge rubric, not a blind human pairwise preference panel. No per-criterion N or confidence interval is published. This is task-specific AI-judge evidence, not broad independent quality proof.
Video Models AI-judge benchmark (Show measurement, test conditions, and source)
- Source value
- 3.39
- Score
- 3.39
- Metric
- Motion and consistency AI-judge criterion score (0-5); rubric weight 19%
- Unit
- points
- Benchmark version
- Video Models leaderboard updated 2026-10-15
- Category
- video-generation
- Direction
- Higher is better
- Source type
- vendor-reported
- Evaluator
- Video Models by Wiro AI
- Status
- active
- Retrieved at
- 2026-10-16
- Methodology
- Vendor-reported result. Exact Wiro API route minimax/hailuo-2-3. Published method states one API run per prompt using model defaults, first successful output, a 5-second duration target, and the resolution closest to 720p. This route documentation lists Visible Wiro example uses 6s; full duration and resolution limits are not stated in capture. The CSV does not expose the exact per-prompt overrides or criterion-specific denominators.
- Context
- Wiro AI is a commercial model gateway. Scores use its weighted 0-5 AI-judge rubric, not a blind human pairwise preference panel. No per-criterion N or confidence interval is published. This is task-specific AI-judge evidence, not broad independent quality proof.
Video Models AI-judge benchmark (Show measurement, test conditions, and source)
- Source value
- 3.66
- Score
- 3.66
- Metric
- Camera and framing AI-judge criterion score (0-5); rubric weight 12%
- Unit
- points
- Benchmark version
- Video Models leaderboard updated 2026-10-15
- Category
- video-generation
- Direction
- Higher is better
- Source type
- vendor-reported
- Evaluator
- Video Models by Wiro AI
- Status
- active
- Retrieved at
- 2026-10-16
- Methodology
- Vendor-reported result. Exact Wiro API route minimax/hailuo-2-3. Published method states one API run per prompt using model defaults, first successful output, a 5-second duration target, and the resolution closest to 720p. This route documentation lists Visible Wiro example uses 6s; full duration and resolution limits are not stated in capture. The CSV does not expose the exact per-prompt overrides or criterion-specific denominators.
- Context
- Wiro AI is a commercial model gateway. Scores use its weighted 0-5 AI-judge rubric, not a blind human pairwise preference panel. No per-criterion N or confidence interval is published. This is task-specific AI-judge evidence, not broad independent quality proof.
Video Models AI-judge benchmark (Show measurement, test conditions, and source)
- Source value
- 3.92
- Score
- 3.92
- Metric
- Quality and detail AI-judge criterion score (0-5); rubric weight 11%
- Unit
- points
- Benchmark version
- Video Models leaderboard updated 2026-10-15
- Category
- video-generation
- Direction
- Higher is better
- Source type
- vendor-reported
- Evaluator
- Video Models by Wiro AI
- Status
- active
- Retrieved at
- 2026-10-16
- Methodology
- Vendor-reported result. Exact Wiro API route minimax/hailuo-2-3. Published method states one API run per prompt using model defaults, first successful output, a 5-second duration target, and the resolution closest to 720p. This route documentation lists Visible Wiro example uses 6s; full duration and resolution limits are not stated in capture. The CSV does not expose the exact per-prompt overrides or criterion-specific denominators.
- Context
- Wiro AI is a commercial model gateway. Scores use its weighted 0-5 AI-judge rubric, not a blind human pairwise preference panel. No per-criterion N or confidence interval is published. This is task-specific AI-judge evidence, not broad independent quality proof.
Video Models AI-judge benchmark (Show measurement, test conditions, and source)
- Source value
- 3.99
- Score
- 3.99
- Metric
- Look and lighting AI-judge criterion score (0-5); rubric weight 9%
- Unit
- points
- Benchmark version
- Video Models leaderboard updated 2026-10-15
- Category
- video-generation
- Direction
- Higher is better
- Source type
- vendor-reported
- Evaluator
- Video Models by Wiro AI
- Status
- active
- Retrieved at
- 2026-10-16
- Methodology
- Vendor-reported result. Exact Wiro API route minimax/hailuo-2-3. Published method states one API run per prompt using model defaults, first successful output, a 5-second duration target, and the resolution closest to 720p. This route documentation lists Visible Wiro example uses 6s; full duration and resolution limits are not stated in capture. The CSV does not expose the exact per-prompt overrides or criterion-specific denominators.
- Context
- Wiro AI is a commercial model gateway. Scores use its weighted 0-5 AI-judge rubric, not a blind human pairwise preference panel. No per-criterion N or confidence interval is published. This is task-specific AI-judge evidence, not broad independent quality proof.
Video Models AI-judge benchmark (Show measurement, test conditions, and source)
- Source value
- 3.41
- Score
- 3.41
- Metric
- Realism and physics AI-judge criterion score (0-5); rubric weight 8%
- Unit
- points
- Benchmark version
- Video Models leaderboard updated 2026-10-15
- Category
- video-generation
- Direction
- Higher is better
- Source type
- vendor-reported
- Evaluator
- Video Models by Wiro AI
- Status
- active
- Retrieved at
- 2026-10-16
- Methodology
- Vendor-reported result. Exact Wiro API route minimax/hailuo-2-3. Published method states one API run per prompt using model defaults, first successful output, a 5-second duration target, and the resolution closest to 720p. This route documentation lists Visible Wiro example uses 6s; full duration and resolution limits are not stated in capture. The CSV does not expose the exact per-prompt overrides or criterion-specific denominators.
- Context
- Wiro AI is a commercial model gateway. Scores use its weighted 0-5 AI-judge rubric, not a blind human pairwise preference panel. No per-criterion N or confidence interval is published. This is task-specific AI-judge evidence, not broad independent quality proof.
Video Models AI-judge benchmark (Show measurement, test conditions, and source)
- Source value
- 3
- Score
- 3
- Metric
- Text rendering AI-judge criterion score (0-5); rubric weight 10%
- Unit
- points
- Benchmark version
- Video Models leaderboard updated 2026-10-15
- Category
- video-generation
- Direction
- Higher is better
- Source type
- vendor-reported
- Evaluator
- Video Models by Wiro AI
- Status
- active
- Retrieved at
- 2026-10-16
- Methodology
- Vendor-reported result. Exact Wiro API route minimax/hailuo-2-3. Published method states one API run per prompt using model defaults, first successful output, a 5-second duration target, and the resolution closest to 720p. This route documentation lists Visible Wiro example uses 6s; full duration and resolution limits are not stated in capture. The CSV does not expose the exact per-prompt overrides or criterion-specific denominators.
- Context
- Wiro AI is a commercial model gateway. Scores use its weighted 0-5 AI-judge rubric, not a blind human pairwise preference panel. No per-criterion N or confidence interval is published. This is task-specific AI-judge evidence, not broad independent quality proof.
Recorded measurement details
LMArena Text to Video: LMArena Text to Video (Show measurement, test conditions, and source)
- Source value
- 1206
- Score
- 1206
- Metric
- elo-rating
- Unit
- Elo
- Task
- lmarena-text-to-video
- Task label
- LMArena Text to Video
- Direction
- Higher is better
- Source rank
- 32
- Sample
- 89138
- Lower confidence bound
- 1200
- Upper confidence bound
- 1212
- Retrieved at
- 2026-11-05
LMArena Image to Video: LMArena Image to Video (Show measurement, test conditions, and source)
- Source value
- 1262
- Score
- 1262
- Metric
- elo-rating
- Unit
- Elo
- Task
- lmarena-image-to-video
- Task label
- LMArena Image to Video
- Direction
- Higher is better
- Source rank
- 29
- Sample
- 405786
- Lower confidence bound
- 1257
- Upper confidence bound
- 1267
- Retrieved at
- 2026-11-05
Page 1 of 2
Video sample from our test
This video exists as a documented run for the exact model version. Playback is muted.
Motion and physical consistency
This sample tests Anatomy, object consistency, camera tracking, rain, and reflections.
Prompt and settings
Generate exactly one continuous five-second 16:9 cinematic video. A fictional bicycle courier in a mustard-yellow raincoat rides a red city bicycle from left to right across a rain-wet Hamburg street at blue hour for the entire clip. The camera tracks her smoothly at waist height. Both hands remain visible on the handlebars, the bicycle geometry stays physically correct, and a transparent umbrella fixed to the bicycle moves naturally in the wind. Wet-street reflections and raindrops follow realistic physics. No cuts, no slow motion, no text, no logos, no subtitles, and no audio.
Generated through OpenRouter with model minimax/hailuo-2.3. Archived settings were 16:9, one request, first output, requested 6 s, request {"model":"minimax/hailuo-2.3","prompt":"Generate exactly one continuous five-second 16:9 cinematic video. A fictional bicycle courier in a mustard-yellow raincoat rides a red city bicycle from left to right across a rain-wet Hamburg street at blue hour for the entire clip. The camera tracks her smoothly at waist height. Both hands remain visible on the handlebars, the bicycle geometry stays physically correct, and a transparent umbrella fixed to the bicycle moves naturally in the wind. Wet-street reflections and raindrops follow realistic physics. No cuts, no slow motion, no text, no logos, no subtitles, and no audio.","aspect_ratio":"16:9","duration":6,"resolution":"1080p","generate_audio":false,"provider":{"options":{"minimax":{"parameters":{"prompt_optimizer":false}}}}}, live estimated cost $0.4902, actual cost $0.4902.
Popularity compared
How often the model is searched for, used and mentioned, compared with every model of its category.
Popularity index
0 to 100, higher is more popular
20 of 98 models
As of November 2026 · Source: gradually.ai popularity index
Over time
Weekly values from October 18, 2026 to November 5, 2026
Hailuo 2.3Kling 3.0 ProSora 2 ProPika 2.2Wan 2.6
Hailuo 2.3 compared
Compare with another model
The most popular comparisons
- 1Gemini Omni Flash vs. Hailuo 2.3
- 2FLUX.3 Video vs. Hailuo 2.3
- 3Dreamina Seedance 2.5 720p vs. Hailuo 2.3
- 4Dreamina Seedance 2.0 720p vs. Hailuo 2.3
- 5MiniMax H3 vs. Hailuo 2.3
- 6Sora 2 Pro vs. Hailuo 2.3
- 7Sora 2 vs. Hailuo 2.3
- 8Veo 3.1 vs. Hailuo 2.3
- 9Veo 3.1 Fast vs. Hailuo 2.3
Show all 48 comparisons
- 10Grok Imagine Video 1.5 vs. Hailuo 2.3
- 11Grok Imagine Video vs. Hailuo 2.3
- 12Wan 2.7 vs. Hailuo 2.3
- 13Wan 2.6 vs. Hailuo 2.3
- 14Runway Gen-4.5 vs. Hailuo 2.3
- 15Kling 3.0 Pro vs. Hailuo 2.3
- 16Kling 2.6 Pro vs. Hailuo 2.3
- 17Vidu Q3 Pro vs. Hailuo 2.3
- 18PixVerse V5.6 vs. Hailuo 2.3
- 19Hailuo 2.3 vs. LTX-2 19B
- 20Hailuo 2.3 vs. Wan 2.2 A14B
- 21Hailuo 2.3 vs. HunyuanVideo 1.5
- 22Hailuo 2.3 vs. Pika 2.2
- 23Hailuo 2.3 vs. Gemini Omni 1.1 Flash
- 24Hailuo 2.3 vs. Muse Video
- 25Hailuo 2.3 vs. Wan 3.0
- 26Hailuo 2.3 vs. Wan 3.0 Prime
- 27Hailuo 2.3 vs. HappyHorse 1.0
- 28Hailuo 2.3 vs. HappyHorse 1.1
- 29Hailuo 2.3 vs. PixVerse V6
- 30Hailuo 2.3 vs. PixVerse C1
- 31Hailuo 2.3 vs. Seedance 2.0 Fast
- 32Hailuo 2.3 vs. Seedance 2.0 Mini
- 33Hailuo 2.3 vs. Vidu Q3 Turbo
- 34Hailuo 2.3 vs. Vidu Q2
- 35Hailuo 2.3 vs. Vidu Q1
- 36Hailuo 2.3 vs. Kling 4.0
- 37Hailuo 2.3 vs. Kling 3.0 Standard API
- 38Hailuo 2.3 vs. Kling Video O1
- 39Hailuo 2.3 vs. Hailuo 2.3 Fast
- 40Hailuo 2.3 vs. Wan 2.5 Preview
- 41Hailuo 2.3 vs. Wan 2.6 I2V Flash
- 42Hailuo 2.3 vs. Wan 2.2 TI2V 5B
- 43Hailuo 2.3 vs. Wan 2.2 I2V A14B
- 44Hailuo 2.3 vs. HunyuanVideo 1.0 T2V
- 45Hailuo 2.3 vs. HunyuanVideo I2V 1.0
- 46Hailuo 2.3 vs. Ray 3.2
- 47Hailuo 2.3 vs. Grok Imagine Video 1.5 Lite
- 48Hailuo 2.3 vs. LTX-2.5
All specifications
Input and output
Watermarking and provenance
AI watermarking refers to invisible signals embedded in the output. Visible marks and provenance metadata are listed separately. Unknown means there is insufficient evidence for that particular field.
- AI watermarking
- Unknown
- no source
- Watermarking technique
- Not known
- no source
Licence and access
Prices
Free to use at MiniMax (Hailuo AI Free, with limited credits), more from ≈ €11.13 a month (Hailuo AI Standard, with limited credits). Through other providers from ≈ €9.54 a month (Krea Basic, with limited credits). 32 plans in Germany.
| Plan | Monthly price | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Hailuo AI FreeMiniMax | free | developer's own plan, with limited credit |
| Hailuo AI StandardMiniMax | ≈ €11.13 | developer's own plan, with limited credit |
| Hailuo AI ProMiniMax | ≈ €40.29 | developer's own plan, with limited credit |
| Hailuo AI MasterMiniMax | ≈ €94.36 | developer's own plan, with limited credit |
| Hailuo AI MaxMiniMax | ≈ €229.01 | developer's own plan, with limited credit |
| Krea Basic | ≈ €9.54 | with limited credit |
| Leonardo.Ai Essential | ≈ €12.72 | |
| Magnific Premium | €19.04 | with limited credit |
| Higgsfield Starter | €22.61 | with limited credit |
| Leonardo.Ai Team Starter | ≈ €25.45 | for teams, per seat |
| Genspark Plus | ≈ €26.50 | with limited credit |
| Leonardo.Ai Premium | ≈ €31.81 | |
| Krea Pro | ≈ €37.11 | with limited credit |
| Genspark for Business Team | ≈ €42.41 | with limited credit, for teams, per seat |
| Magnific Premium+ | €42.84 | with limited credit |
| Leonardo.Ai Team Growth | ≈ €50.89 | for teams, per seat |
| Leonardo.Ai Ultimate | ≈ €63.61 | |
| Higgsfield Plus | €70.21 | with limited credit |
| Magnific Business | €70.21 | with limited credit, for teams, per seat |
| Higgsfield Team | €94.01 | with limited credit, for teams, per seat |
| Magnific Pro Starter | €104.72 | with limited credit |
| Krea Max | ≈ €111.32 | with limited credit |
| Higgsfield Ultra | €153.51 | with limited credit |
| Higgsfield Scale | €201.11 | with limited credit, for teams, per seat |
| Krea Business | ≈ €212.05 | with limited credit, for teams |
| Genspark Pro | ≈ €265.05 | with limited credit |
| Magnific Pro | €273.70 | with limited credit |
| Genspark for Business Enterprise | n/a | with limited credit, for enterprises, per seat |
| Higgsfield Enterprise | n/a | for enterprises |
| Krea Enterprise | n/a | for enterprises |
| Leonardo.Ai Custom | n/a | for enterprises |
| Magnific Enterprise | n/a | for enterprises |
Frequently asked questions about Hailuo 2.3
How good is Hailuo 2.3?
Rank 19 of 23 in the text-to-video arena rating. With a start image: rank 17 of 21.
LMArena, as of Sep 22, 2026
How much does a video with Hailuo 2.3 cost?
About $0.41 for a 5 s clip, $0.082 per second of video. That is fairly cheap.
How long can a video with Hailuo 2.3 be?
Up to 10 seconds in one go. Resolution: 1080p.
According to MiniMax
- Price
- $0.082 per second$0.41 per 5 s clip
- Longest clip
- 10s
- Resolution
- 1080p
- Open weights
- no
Where can I use Hailuo 2.3?
Free to use at MiniMax. Including other providers that makes 32 plans in Germany.
Subscription comparison, prices in Germany incl. VAT
At MiniMax
5 plans, free (Hailuo AI Free).
Through other providers
27 plans from 5 providers, from ≈ €9.54 a month (Krea Basic), with limited credits.
Sources and data date
Show all 22 sources
Benchmark sources at a glance
Which independent evaluators tested this model. This is coverage, not a quality ranking.
| Evaluator | Test series | Composite indices | Recorded active measurements |
|---|---|---|---|
| LMArena | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Without vendor claims and historical or disputed results; those stay labelled in the single values. 2 measurements are not yet assigned to a test series.
| Type | Evidence and data date |
|---|---|
| Research status | Research date October 16, 2026. 16 source URLs checked. This documents the inspected sources, not an exhaustive inventory of every publication. |
| Not found in the inspected sources | arena-video-edit-exact-row Note The inspected Video Edit table has no exact model-version row. T2V and I2V values were not reused. |
| Not found in the inspected sources | vabench-exact-model-row Note VABench has no exact model row. Sora 2 was not transferred to Sora 2 Pro or other models. |
| Not found in the inspected sources | artificial-analysis-t2v-exact-row Note No exact model version or resolution was found in the inspected Artificial Analysis table. |
| Not found in the inspected sources | artificial-analysis-i2v-exact-row Note No exact model version or resolution was found in the inspected Artificial Analysis table. |
| Unresolved | vbench-current-public-leaderboard Note The current VBench leaderboard is embedded in a dynamic Hugging Face iframe and was not retrievable; current scores remain unresolved. |
| Not found in the inspected sources | vidbenchmark-exact-row Note No exact model id is present in the 2026-08-04 dataset; similarly named variants were not transferred. |
| Additional source | MiniMax · MiniMax image-to-video API documentation · Editorial description reviewed October 2, 2026 |
| Additional source | Video pricing |
| Additional source | OpenRouter |
| Additional source | LMArena (retrieved November 5, 2026)12 |
| Additional source | Video Models by Wiro AI (retrieved October 16, 2026; October 28, 2026) |
| Additional source | Dream.exe, arXiv:2606.04811v1, Table 4 (retrieved October 17, 2026) |
| Additional source | Thinking with Video, VideoThinkBench (CVPR 2026 paper) (retrieved October 19, 2026) |
| Additional source | Viralance AI Video Model Benchmark 2026 (retrieved October 20, 2026) |
| Additional source | Arena Video Image-to-Video (retrieved September 21, 2026; October 16, 2026; October 28, 2026) |
| Additional source | Arena Video Text-to-Video (retrieved September 21, 2026; October 16, 2026; October 28, 2026) |
| Additional source | Model metadata (retrieved October 16, 2026)123 |
| Additional source | Model metadata (retrieved October 16, 2026; October 28, 2026) |
| Additional source | MiniMax Hailuo 2.3 launch announcement · Editorial description reviewed October 2, 2026 |
| Additional source | OpenRouter: Popularity index (derived), CC BY 4.0 |
| Additional source | Vercel AI Gateway: Popularity index (derived), CC BY 4.0 |
| Additional source | Ollama: cumulative downloads for the popularity index |
| Additional source | Replicate: cumulative runs for the popularity index |
| Additional source | Google Trending Now: limited feed selection for Germany and the US |
| Additional source | Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 |